ABSTRACT
Background: The hands play a pivotal role in skilled movements. Anomalous muscles of the extensors of the hand are seen usually in anatomical dissections and during surgeries. Variations of the muscles in the dorsum of hand may be asymptomatic or may cause dorsal wrist pain, particularly if a muscle belly encroaches on and obstruct the wrist’s small extensor compartments deep to extensor retinaculum. Methods: A total of 54 upper limb specimens were used for the current study from the Anatomy Department of an undergraduate & postgraduate teaching Medical College in India. Incidence of additional muscle belly and its tendon in the posterior compartment of the forearm and dorsum of the hand were noted and photographed. Results: The anomalous muscle bellies and tendons in extensor compartment of forearm and dorsum of hand were observed in 10 limbs (18.5%) of 54 limbs. Of which, the extensor medii proprius (EMP) was 9.3%, extensor digitorum brevis manus (EDBM) was 3.7%. The numbers of the tendon of the extensor digitorum (ED) were varied in 3 limbs (5.6%). Conclusion: Knowledge of anatomical data of such variant muscles and additional belly or tendon in the extensor compartment of forearm and dorsum of hand is essential for surgeons to modify treatment plan, so as to avoid reporting error and of surgical procedures while operating on hand.
ABSTRACT
Background: Prolongation of labor is one such dilemma that every obstetrician tries to avoid. The ultimate aim of the obstetrician is to accomplish the delivery in the shortest possible time without compromising maternal and fetal safety. Prolonged labor often ends up in great suffering to the parturient because of dehydration, confusion, and infection. This study aims to compare the efficacy of drotaverine hydrochloride with hyoscine butyl bromide for increasing the rate of cervical dilatation and to compare their duration of labor. Methods: This was a prospective interventional study conducted on 60 women who were randomly allocated to Group I, which was control group, women in Group II were injected hyoscine butylbromide one ampoule (20 mg) and the women in Group III were injected drotaverine hydrochloride one ampoule (40 mg) intramuscular at 3 cm dilatation of cervix. The data collected was statistically analyzed using SPSS version 15. Results: When compared to Group I (control group), Group II and Group III took lower time for all the three stages of labor. However, intergroup difference was significant only for Stage I (p<0.001). However, no significant difference was observed between Groups II and III (p=0.964). A significant difference among group was observed in total duration of labor too (p<0.001). Between group comparisons for Stage II and Stage III did not show a statistically significant intergroup difference for any of the comparisons (p>0.05). Conclusions: The finding in this study suggested a significant impact of both the drugs in first stage as well as total duration of labor as compared to control group. However, no significant difference between two study groups was observed. Thus, both drotaverine hydrochloride and hyoscine butylbromide could effectively reduce first stage as well as total duration of labor.
ABSTRACT
Reactive Perforating Collagenosis (RPC) is a rare disease of elimination of altered collagen through the epidermis. The disease exists in childhood form with autosomal recessive mode of inheritance and an adult form acquired in association with diseases such as Diabetes Mellitus (DM), Chronic Renal Failure (CRF), hypothyroidism, lymphoma, hyperparathyroidism, neurodermatitis, AIDS, pulmonary fibrosis, scabies and herpes zoster infection.